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The contralto singing voice has a vocal range that lies between the F below "middle C" (F3) to two Fs above middle C (F5) and is the lowest type of female voice. In the lower and upper extremes, some contralto voices can sing from the E below middle C (E3) to two Bs above middle C (B5). Although both men and women may have voices in the contralto vocal range, the word is usually used only in the context of a female singer. The term ''contralto'' was developed in relation to classical and operatic voices, where the classification is based not merely on the singer's vocal range but also on the tessitura and timbre of the voice. For classical and operatic singers, their voice type determines the roles they will sing and is a primary method of categorization. In non-classical music, singers are primarily defined by their genre and their gender not their vocal range.〔Axelrod, Alan, (''The complete idiot's guide to jazz'' ), Alpha Books, 1999, pp. 68-69 (ISBN 0028627318). See also Tarasti, Eero, (''Signs of music: a guide to musical semiotics'' ), Walter de Gruyter, 2002, pp. 157-178 (ISBN 3110172267)〕 When the terms ''soprano'', ''mezzo-soprano'', ''contralto'', ''tenor'', ''baritone'', and ''bass'' are used as descriptors of non-classical voices, they are applied more loosely than they would be to those of classical singers and generally refer only to the singer's perceived vocal range. The following is a list of singers in country, popular music, jazz, and musical theatre〔For a detailed description of the differences between the operatic and musical theatre voice see Björkner, Eva, (''Why so different? Aspects of voice characteristics in operatic and musical theatre singing ), KTH School of Computer Science and Communication, 2006 (ISBN 9171785183)〕 who have been described as contraltos. Image:Adele - Live 2009 (4) cropped.jpg| Adele Image:WinehouseLA.jpg|Amy Winehouse Image:Annie_Lennox_SING_campaign,_Vienna_2010_b.jpg|Annie Lennox Image:LisaGerrard-Press-Image-2009.jpg|Lisa Gerrard Image:Shirley Manson Edinburgh 2009.jpg|Shirley Manson Image:Toni Braxton 2, 2013.jpg|Toni Braxton ==List of names== *Oleta Adams *Adele *Sade Adu *Christina Amphlett *Emma Anderson〔http://books.google.com/books?id=6NW5ij_pN8oC&pg=PA194&lpg=PA194&dq=miki+berenyi+contralto&source=bl&ots=IalNDC4ywq&sig=Iuw9Iq5foRPP1ErGCh9dmPWIXnE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PQMRU4ygLOa92wWw7YGoDQ&ved=0CEUQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=miki%20berenyi%20contralto&f=false〕 *Anggun *Fiona Apple〔(New Yorker ) Apple’s robust contralto, though sometimes heavy on vibrato, gave her line readings a pleasingly sinister feel.〕〔(San Diego Arts ) Though most of her lyrics are sung in a straightforward pop contralto, she judiciously adds vibrato, sudden jumps into her head voice, and rapid reiterations of the same pitch (what academics in the classical music field call a "Monteverdi vibrato").〕 *India.Arie〔''Ocala Star-Banner'' (July 7, 2006). ("India.Aire stays true to her music" )〕 *Joan Armatrading *Emilie Autumn *Anita Baker〔Teresa Wiltz, "Anita Baker, Stuck in A Groove", ''Washington Post'', September 15, 2004, p. C1〕 *LaVern Baker *Shirley Bassey〔http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2007/06/24/shirley_bassey_too_lazy_for_opera〕 *Miki Berenyi〔 *Angela Bofill〔Bil Carpenter, ("Angela Bofill" ), ''All Music Guide''〕 *Ann Boleyn〔Mario Conner, "Ann Boleyn, 30 Years And Going Strong", ''Cutting Edge'', September 14, 2013, p. C1〕 *Toni Braxton *Bilinda Butcher〔http://www.noripcord.com/reviews/music/my-bloody-valentine/mbv〕 *Brandi Carlile *Ana Carolina〔(Musica Popular Brasileira: Singers to watch )〕 *Karen Carpenter〔Rob Hoerburger, ("RECORDINGS VIEW; Revisionist Thinking On the Carpenters" ), ''New York Times'', Published: 3 November 1991, Retrieved: 23 July 2011〕 *Cher *Neneh Cherry *Gabriella Cilmi *Annie Clark〔(【引用サイトリンク】 The Range Place Forum: Annie Clark )〕 *Patsy Cline〔(Time article on Patsy Cline. )〕 *Rosemary Clooney *Shawn Colvin *Miley Cyrus〔http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/10/07/miley-cyrus-s-album-bangerz-is-totally-schizo-and-catchy-as-hell.html〕 *Brody Dalle *Grisel D'Angelo * Doris Day〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Singer, film star Doris Day. D. La Piana of Plano, Texas, asks, 'Whatever happened to...?' )〕 *Kim Deal *Lana Del Rey *Marina Diamandis *Marlene Dietrich *Ani DiFranco *Lila Downs *Rose Elinor Dougall〔http://www.charmfactory.co.uk/rose-elinor-dougall-artist-biography/〕 *Corinne Drewery (Swing Out Sister) *Mama Cass Elliot (Mamas and the Papas) *Gloria Estefan *Siobhan Fahey (Bananarama) *Mary Fahl〔David Yonke, ("Singer pursues unique path" ), ''Toledo Blade'', June 6, 2003〕 *Sky Ferreira *Mary Ford *Jane Froman〔(Jane Froman: Missouri's first lady of song )〕 *Shannon Funchess *Lady Gaga *Judy Garland〔Louis Bayard, ("Supernova" ), ''Washington Post'', April 16, 2000, p. X9〕 *Lisa Gerrard *Beth Gibbons *Kim Gordon〔http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2013/06/03/130603fa_fact_halberstadt?currentPage=all〕 *Rachel Goswell〔http://progarchy.com/tag/dream-pop/〕 *Toni Halliday〔http://www.nogoodforme.com/2007/11/08/beauty_smoky_ey/〕 *Deborah Harry (Blondie)〔(【引用サイトリンク】 The Range Place )〕 *PJ Harvey *Imogen Heap *Chrissie Hynde (The Pretenders) *Etta James *Zola Jesus *Scarlett Johansson *Grace Jones *Barb Jungr *Alicia Keys〔André Paine (14 June 2011). ("Alicia Keys is a soul queen in control" ). ''London Evening Standard''〕 *Gladys Knight〔()〕 *Diana Krall *Keiko Kubota〔http://www.last.fm/group/Keiko+Kubota〕 *Ladyhawke *Victoria Legrand *Annie Lennox〔Nigel Farndale, ("Annie Lennox: don’t mess with the missionary woman" ), ''Daily Telegraph'', 20 February 2009〕 *Jenny Lewis *Courtney Love (Hole)〔http://www.punknews.org/review/2764/courtney-love-americas-sweetheart〕 *Shelby Lynne *Amy Macdonald〔Fiona Shepherd, ("Music Review: Amy MacDonald, The Garage, Glasgow" ), ''The Scotsman'', October 10, 2007〕 *Audra Mae *Clare Maguire〔Chris, (The Verge: Clare Maguire ), Postcultural, March 2, 2011〕 *Shirley Manson (Garbage) *Laura Marling *Imelda May *Reba McEntire *Christine McVie (Fleetwood Mac)〔Stephen Holden (May 13, 1987). ("The Pop Life: Edgy Wistfulness from Fleetwood Mac" ). ''New York Times''〕 *Natalie Merchant (10,000 Maniacs) *Holly Miranda *Pamela Morgan *Alison Mosshart *Alison Moyet (Yaz) *Anita Mui *Samantha Mumba *Róisín Murphy〔http://www.amazon.ca/Ruby-Blue-Roisin-Murphy/dp/B0009I477U〕 *Anne Murray *Johnette Napolitano〔http://www.evi.com/q/facts_about__johnette_napolitano〕 *Jennifer Nettles *Stevie Nicks〔Rick Nowlin, (Fleetwood Mac)("Stevie Nicks pleases her fans" ), ''Pittsburgh Post Gazette'', July 9, 2001〕 *Nico *Brandy Norwood *Anita O'Day *Odetta *Beth Orton *Amanda Palmer〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Dresden Dolls Studio Debut )〕 *Katy Perry *Cat Power * Dianne Reeves * Hannah Reid * Ginette Reno *Happy Rhodes * Hope Sandoval〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Range Place 2.0 )〕 *Cristina Scabbia * Helen Shapiro *Fatin Shidqia Lubis *Carly Simon〔S. Holden, ("A Sex Symbol of the 1970s Does Lawrence Welk for Hip Seniors" ), ''New York Times'', July 19, 2005〕 *Nina Simone〔Gary Carden (26 May 2010). ("Reading Nina Simone’s tragic life" ). ''Smoky Mountain News ''〕 *Siouxsie Sioux (Siouxsie and the Banshees)〔http://www.untiedundone.com/tpiv.html〕 *Grace Slick (Jefferson Airplane, Jefferson Starship, Starship)〔(Jefferson Airplane biography )〕 * Patti Smith (Patti Smith Group) * Sharleen Spiteri〔http://www.standard.co.uk/goingout/music/sharleen-spiteri-gwyneth-paltrows-great-just-dont-get-me-started-on-liz-hurley-8598524.html〕 *Lisa Stansfield〔http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/sam-smith-and-11-pop-stars-who-broke-via-dance-records-20150128/lisa-stansfield-20150128〕 *Joss Stone *Susan Tedeschi *Tanita Tikaram *Mary Timony〔http://www.spin.com/articles/mary-timonys-ex-hex/〕 *KT Tunstall〔http://www.pbs.org/wttw/soundstage/tunstall/featured.htm〕 *Tina Turner *Sharon Van Etten *Sarah Vaughan〔S. Holden, ("Vaughan At Carnegie" ), ''New York Times'', June 21, 1987〕 *Suzanne Vega〔http://www.theartsdesk.com/new-music/suzanne-vega-barbican-hall〕 *Dionne Warwick *Trixie Whitley *Cassandra Wilson〔("BBC - Music - Review of Cassandra Wilson" ), ''BBC Music'', January 10, 2010〕 *Amy Winehouse〔Gillian Reagan, ("Amy Winehouse: The Next Tragic Talent?" ), ''New York Observer'', December 14, 2007〕 *Chelsea Wolfe〔http://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2011/nov/30/note-chelsea-wolfe/〕 *Lizz Wright〔("NPR - Lizz Wright at WXPN in Concert" ), ''National Public Radio'', March 21, 2008〕 *Timi Yuro 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of contraltos in non-classical music」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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